NCLEX · Immunizations and Health Screening

A nurse provides teaching about the HPV vaccine. Which statement is ACCURATE?

  1. A The HPV vaccine is only for females
  2. B The HPV vaccine is recommended for all preteens at ages 11-12 (may start at age 9), with catch-up vaccination through age 26; males and females both benefit from vaccination
  3. C The vaccine protects against all cancers
  4. D The HPV vaccine eliminates the need for Pap smears

Why this is the answer

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the US. Certain HPV strains cause: cervical cancer, vaginal and vulvar cancer, anal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, penile cancer, and genital warts. HPV VACCINE (Gardasil 9): protects against 9 HPV strains (including types 16 and 18, which cause about 70% of cervical cancers, and types 6 and 11, which cause about 90% of genital warts). RECOMMENDED SCHEDULE: PRETEENS (11-12 years): best timing — before any sexual exposure; 2-DOSE series if started before age 15 (0 and 6-12 months apart); 3-DOSE series if starting at age 15 or older, or if immunocompromised; CATCH-UP: recommended through age 26 for those not vaccinated; shared clinical decision-making for adults 27-45 (less benefit at older ages due to prior exposure). MALES AND FEMALES: both benefit — prevents cancers in males too (anal, penile, oropharyngeal) and reduces transmission. PAP SMEARS: the HPV vaccine does NOT eliminate the need for cervical cancer screening (Pap smear/cervical cytology) — the vaccine doesn't protect against 100% of cancer-causing HPV strains; screening continues as recommended (starting at age 21 for most women, Pap every 3 years, or Pap + HPV co-test every 5 years starting at 30). SAFETY: the HPV vaccine is one of the most studied vaccines; common side effects are injection site reactions and brief fainting (syncope is relatively common with this vaccine — observe for 15 minutes post-injection). PN EDUCATION: address common misconceptions (it does NOT encourage sexual activity, it does NOT affect fertility); emphasize recommended age; document vaccine administration and counsel on side effects.
Source: NCLEX-PN Test Plan: Health Promotion — Immunizations, HPV