Using the SBAR communication framework, what is the correct order of information when reporting to a physician?

SBAR is the standard structured communication framework in healthcare, especially for nurse-to-physician reports, handoffs, and urgent situations. S = SITUATION — brief statement of the immediate problem: 'I'm calling about Mr. Smith in 412, who has new shortness of breath.' B = BACKGROUND — relevant clinical context: '78-year-old male admitted 2 days ago for CHF exacerbation, history of MI 2020, on furosemide and metoprolol.' A = ASSESSMENT — your findings and clinical concern: 'BP 180/100, HR 110, RR 28, O2 sat 88% on room air, crackles bilaterally, increased work of breathing. I think he may be in acute pulmonary edema.' R = RECOMMENDATION — what you need: 'Could you come evaluate? In the meantime, I'm going to apply oxygen and elevate the head of bed. Do you want a stat chest X-ray and an EKG?' Benefits: (1) Reduces communication errors; (2) Ensures critical information is shared; (3) Empowers nurses to make recommendations; (4) Documented in record; (5) Improves patient safety. Variants: ISBAR (adds Identify yourself first), SBAR-R (adds Repeat-back). Other handoff tools: I-PASS (Illness severity, Patient summary, Action list, Situation awareness, Synthesis). SBAR is the most tested on NCLEX.