NCLEX · Common Lab Values

A client post-op day 2 from abdominal surgery has a WBC of 16,800/mm³ (normal 4,500-10,500). The nurse should assess for which complication FIRST?

Correct answer

Wound infection or other post-operative infectious complication — elevated WBC in a post-op patient is a classic signal of infection that must be investigated by assessing the wound, vital signs, and any localising symptoms

  1. A Hypertension
  2. B Wound infection or other post-operative infectious complication — elevated WBC in a post-op patient is a classic signal of infection that must be investigated by assessing the wound, vital signs, and any localising symptoms
  3. C Dehydration
  4. D Pulmonary embolism

Why this is the answer

ELEVATED WBC (LEUKOCYTOSIS) in a post-operative patient should trigger assessment for infection. NORMAL POST-SURGICAL WBC: A mild leukocytosis (WBC up to 12,000-15,000) is expected immediately after major surgery as part of the normal inflammatory response — this typically resolves within 24-48 hours. ABNORMAL POST-OP WBC: A WBC of 16,800 on post-op day 2 (when the initial surgical inflammation should be subsiding) is suspicious for an INFECTIOUS process. ASSESSMENT PRIORITIES: (1) WOUND — inspect the incision: erythema, warmth, swelling, purulent drainage, dehiscence; (2) VITAL SIGNS — fever (temperature above 38°C/100.4°F) confirms infection; tachycardia (>90 bpm); (3) LOCALISING SYMPTOMS — pain level and location; urinary symptoms (CAUTI risk); respiratory symptoms (pneumonia, especially common after abdominal surgery — atelectasis leading to pneumonia); (4) DRAINS/TUBES — assess drainage character; (5) IV SITES — inspect for phlebitis or CLABSI signs. COMMON POST-OP INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS: Surgical site infection (SSI) — most common post-op day 3-5; Urinary tract infection (CAUTI) — foley catheter risk; Pneumonia — especially in abdominal/thoracic patients, immobile patients; C. difficile colitis — antibiotic-associated; CLABSI. REPORT TO PROVIDER: WBC trend; temperature; wound assessment findings; any localising signs.
Source: NCLEX-RN Physiological Integrity — Post-Op Leukocytosis Assessment

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