What does the term 'workpiece' refer to in a shop context?

WORKPIECE is fundamental shop vocabulary. Understanding the distinction between TOOL and WORKPIECE prevents confusion in instructions and safety discussions. TOOL: the instrument doing the cutting, shaping, or joining (drill, saw, file, chisel, lathe tool, etc.); WORKPIECE: the material being acted upon (the board being cut, the metal being drilled, the part being shaped). The workpiece typically needs to be: SECURED — clamped, vised, or otherwise held to prevent movement during the operation; SUPPORTED — proper support prevents dangerous binding (saw blade binding in a cut) or workpiece flying free; PREPARED — marked with layout lines, pre-drilled pilot holes, or otherwise set up before the main operation. EXAMPLES: Drilling a hole in a metal plate — the drill is the tool, the metal plate is the workpiece; turning a wooden spindle on a lathe — the lathe tool is the tool, the spindle blank is the workpiece; welding two pipes — the torch/electrode is the tool, the pipes are the workpiece. SAFETY IMPLICATION: 'Secure the workpiece' is a fundamental safety instruction because an unsecured workpiece can: spin and strike the operator (drilling without clamping); fly across the shop (unsupported wood on a table saw); cause the tool to bind and kick back (lumber pinching a circular saw blade).