CDL · Pulling Doubles and Triples

At what speed should a driver of a doubles combination navigate a highway on-ramp compared to a single-trailer driver?

Correct answer

Significantly slower — posted ramp advisory speeds are based on standard vehicles; a doubles combination at the same speed will experience much greater lateral forces on the rear trailer due to rearward amplification; what is safe for a car may cause rear trailer rollover in a doubles

  1. A The same speed is appropriate
  2. B Significantly slower — posted ramp advisory speeds are based on standard vehicles; a doubles combination at the same speed will experience much greater lateral forces on the rear trailer due to rearward amplification; what is safe for a car may cause rear trailer rollover in a doubles
  3. C Faster, because the additional weight provides more stability
  4. D The driver should never use ramps with a doubles

Why this is the answer

HIGHWAY RAMP SPEED for doubles and triples combinations must be substantially below posted advisory speeds. REASON — POSTED SPEEDS ARE NOT FOR LCVs: Advisory speeds (yellow diamond signs: 'Ramp Speed 35 MPH') are calculated for standard passenger vehicles or single-unit trucks; they do NOT account for: the high center of gravity of loaded trailers; rearward amplification in multi-trailer combinations; the snap-back effect when a combination exits a curve and the rear trailer continues swinging; REARWARD AMPLIFICATION IN CURVES: On a curved ramp, the second trailer experiences greater centrifugal force than the tractor — it is traveling a larger radius AND the amplification factor increases the lateral force; at some threshold, the second trailer will roll over even while the tractor feels stable; GUIDELINE: Many experienced doubles operators reduce ramp speed by 20-35% below the posted advisory; if the posted advisory is 35 mph, a doubles driver might target 25-28 mph; IN PRACTICE: The driver should reduce speed on the straight approach to the ramp, not inside the curve; braking in a curve adds longitudinal forces that destabilize the rear trailer; enter slow, exit the ramp and accelerate on the straight section toward highway speed.
Source: FMCSA CDL Manual, Chapter 7, Doubles and Triples, Ramps and Curves

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