What do we call the first ten amendments to the Constitution?

The first ten amendments to the Constitution are collectively known as the Bill of Rights. Ratified in 1791, they were demanded by many state ratifying conventions as a condition of approving the Constitution. They protect individual rights including freedom of speech, religion, the press, the right to assemble, the right to bear arms, protection against unreasonable search and seizure, the right to due process, the right to a jury trial, protection against cruel and unusual punishment, and the principle that rights not listed are reserved to the people and the states. The Federalist Papers were essays written to argue for ratification of the Constitution. The Articles of Confederation were the first US governing document, replaced by the Constitution. The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by President Lincoln in 1863.