Why should the cosmetologist wash their hands and have the client's hands cleaned before a manicure?

Both the cosmetologist and the client should have clean hands before a manicure to reduce pathogens and support infection control, since the service involves close hand contact and work around the nails and skin. Handwashing (and appropriate sanitizing) lowers the risk of transferring or introducing infection, especially important since the nail area can be a site of entry for pathogens if the skin is nicked. Starting with clean hands is a basic sanitation step that reflects the exam's strong emphasis on infection control.