Why is a full-face helmet generally safer than other types?

Full-face helmets cover the entire head including a chin bar that protects the face and lower jaw. Research on real-world crashes shows the chin bar receives over 30% of helmet impacts — this protection is absent in open-face helmets (which cover only the top and back of the head) and half-shell helmets (which cover only the top). Modular helmets (chin bar that can flip up) offer similar protection when fully closed, with the convenience of opening at stops. Half-helmets and beanie-style 'DOT' helmets that just cover the crown of the head are legal in many states but provide minimal protection. Full-face helmets also offer better noise reduction, wind protection, and integrated eye protection — making long rides more comfortable as well as safer.