NCLEX · Reduction of Risk Potential

A client is being discharged on oral iron supplements. Which instruction is most important to prevent the most common adverse effect?

Correct answer

Take with orange juice (vitamin C) to enhance absorption and take with food if GI upset occurs — GI distress (nausea, constipation, dark/black stools) is the most common reason patients discontinue iron; stool will be dark green or black (expected, not blood)

  1. A Take on a completely empty stomach at all times
  2. B Take with orange juice (vitamin C) to enhance absorption and take with food if GI upset occurs — GI distress (nausea, constipation, dark/black stools) is the most common reason patients discontinue iron; stool will be dark green or black (expected, not blood)
  3. C Only take at night
  4. D Crush tablets for faster absorption

Why this is the answer

ORAL IRON SUPPLEMENTATION TEACHING: MOST COMMON ADVERSE EFFECT: GI distress — nausea, constipation, stomach cramps; dark/black stools (expected, not a sign of GI bleeding unless bright red); MANAGING GI EFFECTS: Take with small amount of food to reduce nausea (reduces absorption slightly but improves adherence); increase fluid and fibre intake; stool softener may be ordered; start at lower dose and increase gradually; MAXIMISING ABSORPTION: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) significantly increases iron absorption — orange juice, tomato juice, or vitamin C supplement with the dose; avoid coffee, tea, milk, calcium supplements, antacids within 2 hours (inhibit absorption); DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS: Ferrous sulphate (most common); ferrous gluconate (more expensive, gentler on GI); LIQUID FORM: Use a straw to prevent tooth staining; PATIENT EDUCATION: Expected black stools; expected mild GI upset initially; do not stop without notifying provider; takes 4-8 weeks to see improvement in fatigue/haemoglobin.
Source: NCLEX-PN Physiological — Pharmacology, Oral Iron Supplement Teaching