A 68-year-old female client asks about bone density screening. What does the nurse explain?

BONE DENSITY SCREENING (OSTEOPOROSIS): USPSTF RECOMMENDATION: Screen ALL women age 65 and older with DEXA; Screen younger postmenopausal women under 65 whose 10-year fracture risk is equal to or greater than that of a 65-year-old white woman with no risk factors (calculated using FRAX tool); WHO T-SCORE CLASSIFICATION: Normal: T-score ≥ -1.0; Osteopenia: T-score -1.0 to -2.5; Osteoporosis: T-score ≤ -2.5; FRACTURE RISK: Osteoporotic hip fracture in older adults carries 20-30% 1-year mortality — prevention is critical; TREATMENT: Calcium + Vitamin D supplementation; bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate) first-line pharmacotherapy; denosumab; exercise (weight-bearing and resistance); fall prevention; NURSING EDUCATION: Adequate calcium (1,200 mg/day ages 51+), Vitamin D (800-1,000 IU/day), weight-bearing exercise, smoking cessation, alcohol moderation.