A client with active tuberculosis (TB) is admitted. What type of isolation precautions are required?

Airborne precautions are required for diseases transmitted by small droplet nuclei (under 5 microns) that remain suspended in the air for extended periods. Examples: tuberculosis (TB), measles, varicella (chickenpox), disseminated zoster. Requirements: (1) Private negative-pressure room (Airborne Infection Isolation Room or AIIR) with negative airflow and HEPA filtration or external venting; (2) N95 or higher respirator (fit-tested) for all caregivers; (3) Mask on the client during transport outside the room; (4) Door kept closed at all times. Droplet precautions are for larger droplets (greater than 5 microns) that travel only 3-6 feet: surgical mask within 3 feet of client; examples include influenza, pertussis, meningococcal disease. Contact precautions are for transmission by direct or indirect contact: gowns and gloves for room entry; examples include C. diff, MRSA, VRE. Standard precautions apply to all clients regardless of diagnosis.