When performing a jurat, what must the notary administer to the signer?

A jurat requires the notary to administer an oath or affirmation to the signer, who swears (oath) or affirms (a non-religious solemn promise) that the statements in the document are true. The signer must also sign in the notary's presence and prove their identity. This contrasts with an acknowledgment, which involves no oath — the signer merely acknowledges signing willingly. Administering the oath is a formal, spoken step the notary must actually perform, not skip; failing to administer the oath when a jurat is required invalidates the notarization. The notary should use clear wording asking the signer to swear or affirm the truth of the document.