What is the purpose of marking and labeling on hazardous materials packages (in addition to placards on the vehicle)?

MARKINGS and LABELS on individual hazmat PACKAGES identify each package's contents and hazards at the package level (whereas PLACARDS communicate the hazard at the vehicle level). CDL hazmat. MARKINGS include: the PROPER SHIPPING NAME, the IDENTIFICATION (UN/NA) NUMBER, the consignee/shipper, and orientation arrows ('this end up') where required. LABELS are smaller diamond-shaped versions of placards showing the HAZARD CLASS (color and symbol). Together, markings and labels let handlers and responders identify exactly what's in each package, even when separated from the vehicle. The driver should verify packages are properly marked/labeled and refuse improperly prepared shipments. Knowing the purpose of package markings and labels (package-level hazard identification) is commonly tested hazmat knowledge.