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A
When the seats are full but standees are permitted
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B
When the total passenger count would exceed the vehicle's rated capacity; when the vehicle is in an unsafe location (blocking traffic, unstable ground); and when a passenger is visibly incapacitated from alcohol or drugs in a way that could endanger themselves or others
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C
Bus drivers must accept all passengers at all times
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D
Only when there are no seats remaining regardless of standee rules
Why this is the answer
BOARDING REFUSAL is an authority and responsibility of the driver in specific circumstances. LEGAL BASIS: Federal and state regulations establish the conditions under which a driver may or must refuse boarding. OVERCAPACITY: The vehicle's rated capacity (combination of seated and standing as certified) sets an absolute maximum; boarding passengers beyond this is a federal violation and an insurance/liability issue; the driver must count and track occupancy, especially for charter and fixed-capacity services; UNSAFE LOCATION: If a bus stop is in an unusually hazardous location (blocked intersection, unstable shoulder, active traffic incident ahead), the driver may delay or reposition before opening the door; never open the door if doing so would push a boarding passenger into traffic; INCAPACITATED PASSENGERS: Most carriers and states permit drivers to refuse boarding to individuals who are clearly incapacitated by alcohol or drugs to the degree that they cannot care for themselves or would endanger others; specific policies vary — follow your carrier's written policy; PHYSICAL CONFRONTATION POTENTIAL: A passenger making verbal or physical threats may be refused boarding — always contact dispatch and law enforcement if safety is at issue. DOCUMENTATION: Any refusal of service should be documented in the trip log and incident report.
Source: FMCSA CDL Manual, Chapter 11, Passenger Vehicles, Boarding Refusal