247SimpleTests
NCLEX · Substance Use and Dependencies

A client in the emergency department is suspected to have taken a large dose of benzodiazepines. Which finding confirms significant toxicity?

Correct answer

Respiratory depression (slow, shallow breathing), hypotension, excessive sedation progressing to stupor or coma — respiratory depression is the most life-threatening manifestation of benzodiazepine overdose

  1. A Tachycardia and agitation
  2. B Respiratory depression (slow, shallow breathing), hypotension, excessive sedation progressing to stupor or coma — respiratory depression is the most life-threatening manifestation of benzodiazepine overdose
  3. C Hyperthermia and rigidity
  4. D Pupil dilation (mydriasis)

Why this is the answer

BENZODIAZEPINE TOXICITY vs INTOXICATION: BENZODIAZEPINE CNS DEPRESSANT effects are dose-dependent: Therapeutic dose: anxiolysis, sedation; Toxic dose: respiratory depression, hypotension, excessive sedation → stupor → coma; RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION is the primary life threat — CNS depression suppresses the respiratory drive; VITAL SIGN PATTERN: Low RR (may be <8); shallow breaths; SpO2 declining; hypotension; bradycardia or tachycardia; KEY FINDING: MIOSIS (pinpoint pupils) is associated with OPIOID overdose; Benzodiazepines typically cause NORMAL to SLIGHTLY CONSTRICTED pupils; TREATMENT: Supportive (airway management, oxygen, positioning); FLUMAZENIL (romazicon) is the SPECIFIC ANTIDOTE for benzodiazepine overdose; however, flumazenil use is controversial and not always recommended (can precipitate seizures in benzodiazepine-dependent patients); DISTINGUISH FROM: Opioid overdose (also respiratory depression + miosis) vs. stimulant overdose (tachycardia, hyperthermia, dilated pupils) vs. alcohol withdrawal (agitation, tremors, seizures).
Source: NCLEX-PN Test Plan: Psychosocial — Substance Use, Benzodiazepine Toxicity

Practice more questions

This question is from our NCLEX Practice Tests practice test. Take the full practice test to test your knowledge across all Substance Use and Dependencies and other topics.

Take the PN: Psychosocial Integrity practice test →

New to this exam? Our NCLEX exam guide explains the format, scoring, and how to prepare.

Related questions

Substance Use and Dependencies

A client who uses heroin is admitted for detoxification. The nurse anticipates symptoms of opioid withdrawal will include which of the following?

 Substance Use and Dependencies

A client in the emergency department is suspected of acute alcohol intoxication. Which finding would MOST concern the nurse?

 Substance Use and Dependencies

A client going through alcohol withdrawal is assessed at 24 hours since last drink. The nurse notes confusion, tremors, tachycardia, and diaphoresis. What is the PRIORITY concern?

 Substance Use and Dependencies

A client is admitted for cocaine intoxication. Which assessment findings does the nurse MOST expect?

State-specific guides

Need information for your state? Our state guides cover local requirements, fees, and what to expect on exam day.

California Texas Florida New York Pennsylvania Illinois Ohio Georgia

Recommended study materials

Study guide

Saunders Comprehensive Review for NCLEX-RN 9th Ed. (Elsevier)

The gold standard for NCLEX-RN prep: 5,200+ practice questions, content review, test-taking strategy.

Check Price → Study guide

NCLEX-PN Prep Plus 2023 (Kaplan)

Targeted NCLEX-PN content review with hundreds of practice questions and video explanations.

Check Price → Study guide

Prioritization, Delegation & Assignment (Elsevier)

The leading resource for NCLEX questions on prioritization, delegation, and management of care.

Check Price →

As an Amazon Associate, CJ Affiliate, and AWIN publisher we earn from qualifying purchases. Links above are affiliate links. Full disclosure →