NCLEX · Reduction of Risk Potential

After administering an IV antibiotic, the client develops difficulty breathing, urticaria, and hypotension. What is the priority action?

Correct answer

Stop the infusion immediately, maintain airway, call for help, administer epinephrine per protocol, prepare for advanced airway management

  1. A Slow the infusion rate
  2. B Administer another dose
  3. C Document the reaction and continue
  4. D Stop the infusion immediately, maintain airway, call for help, administer epinephrine per protocol, prepare for advanced airway management

Why this is the answer

This is anaphylactic reaction to the IV antibiotic. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening systemic allergic reaction requiring immediate action: (1) Stop the offending agent immediately — close the IV clamp; (2) Maintain the airway — anaphylaxis can cause rapid laryngeal swelling; (3) Call for help (rapid response or code team); (4) Administer epinephrine IM (0.3-0.5 mg adult dose, 1:1000 solution, IM in vastus lateralis) — epinephrine is first-line and given immediately; (5) Position supine with legs elevated unless respiratory distress requires head elevated; (6) Apply high-flow oxygen; (7) Establish second IV; bolus fluids for hypotension; (8) Continuous monitoring; (9) Prepare for intubation. Secondary medications: diphenhydramine (antihistamine), methylprednisolone (corticosteroid), bronchodilator if wheezing. After stabilization: identify the allergen, document the reaction, update the medical record allergy list, place an allergy band, educate the client and family. Biphasic reactions can occur 8-12 hours later, so observation period is required.
Source: NCLEX-RN, Reduction of Risk — Anaphylaxis

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About this topic: Reduction of Risk Potential

Reduction of risk potential questions cover recognising changes in condition, interpreting labs and diagnostics, pre- and post-procedure care, and preventing complications before they develop. This is one of 6 RN: Physiological Integrity questions on reduction of risk potential, each with a full explanation on a single study page.

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