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A
Take the medication on an empty stomach
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B
Never abruptly stop this medication — sudden discontinuation of a beta-blocker can cause rebound hypertension, tachycardia, angina, and even myocardial infarction; if stopping is necessary, the dose should be tapered gradually under medical supervision
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C
Expect an immediate significant drop in blood pressure on day one
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D
This medication is safe to take with grapefruit juice
Why this is the answer
BETA-BLOCKER DISCONTINUATION SAFETY is the most critical education point for any patient taking a beta-blocker long-term. MECHANISM: Chronic beta-blockade causes upregulation of beta-adrenergic receptors (the body compensates by growing more receptors); abrupt discontinuation exposes these upregulated receptors to full catecholamine stimulation simultaneously; the result: sympathetic surge causing tachycardia, hypertension, and in patients with coronary artery disease, angina or MI. TEACHING POINTS: NEVER stop suddenly without medical guidance; if unable to take a dose, contact the provider; if a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered unless close to the next dose time; store properly (some formulations need specific storage); SIDE EFFECTS TO MONITOR: Bradycardia — hold and call provider if pulse below 60 bpm; hypotension — rise slowly from sitting/lying; fatigue and exercise intolerance (common, often improves over time); impotence (beta-blockers affect sexual function); MASKING HYPOGLYCAEMIA: Beta-blockers blunt the tachycardia that normally warns diabetic patients of hypoglycaemia; diabetic patients must monitor blood glucose more carefully; OTHER EDUCATION: Take at the same time daily (Toprol-XL is extended release — do not crush or chew); do not use over-the-counter cold medications containing pseudoephedrine (sympathomimetic effect can counteract beta-blocker); avoid NSAIDS (reduce antihypertensive effect).
Source: NCLEX-RN Physiological Integrity — Beta-Blocker Patient Education