What is a notary commission, and what are typical eligibility requirements?

A notary commission is granted by the state (typically the Secretary of State) and authorizes the holder to perform notarial acts. Typical requirements (vary by state): (1) At least 18 years old; (2) US citizen or legal permanent resident; (3) Resident of the state (some states require state employment as an alternative); (4) Able to read and write English; (5) No felony convictions and (often) no recent misdemeanor convictions involving moral turpitude or dishonesty; (6) Completion of any required notary education course (varies — California requires 6 hours; many states require none); (7) Passing a notary exam (required in some states like California, Pennsylvania, New York; not required in many others); (8) Obtaining and maintaining a notary bond (often $7,500-$15,000 typical; varies widely); (9) Filing an oath of office; (10) Paying state filing fees. Commission term is typically 4 years (varies from 2-10 years). Renewal usually requires application, fees, and (in some states) refresher training. The commission grants notarial authority — it does not authorize legal practice or other services.