When should a nurse perform hand hygiene according to the WHO 'Five Moments for Hand Hygiene'?

WHO FIVE MOMENTS FOR HAND HYGIENE: (1) BEFORE touching a client; (2) BEFORE a clean/aseptic procedure; (3) AFTER body fluid exposure risk; (4) AFTER touching a client; (5) AFTER touching client surroundings (even without touching the client); HAND HYGIENE METHOD: Alcohol-based hand rub for routine decontamination (faster, more effective for most organisms, less drying); SOAP AND WATER when hands are visibly soiled, after using the restroom, and for spore-forming organisms (C. diff, anthrax — alcohol doesn't kill spores); TECHNIQUE: Alcohol rub — apply, rub all surfaces until dry (15-30 sec); Soap and water — wet, lather, scrub all surfaces 20+ seconds, rinse, dry, turn off faucet with towel; IMPORTANCE: Hand hygiene is the single most effective measure to prevent healthcare-associated infections; LPN role: perform hand hygiene at all five moments, use the correct method, model and promote compliance.