A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Which PPE is required when entering the room?

TUBERCULOSIS — AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS: TB spreads via AIRBORNE transmission — tiny droplet nuclei (<5 microns) that remain suspended in air for hours; REQUIRED PPE: N95 respirator (minimum) — must be properly fit-tested for the individual nurse; surgical masks do NOT provide adequate filtration; NEGATIVE PRESSURE ROOM: Air flows INTO the room from the hallway (negative pressure relative to corridor); exhaust air goes outside or through HEPA filtration; door kept CLOSED; SURGICAL MASK ON PATIENT: TB patients wear a surgical mask when transported outside their negative pressure room (to contain droplet nuclei they produce); ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS: Gown and gloves if contact with respiratory secretions; RELATED AIRBORNE PATHOGENS: Measles, varicella (chickenpox), disseminated herpes zoster — all require N95 and negative pressure; REMEMBER: AIRBORNE → N95 + negative pressure room; DROPLET → surgical mask + standard room; CONTACT → gown + gloves.